Astragalomancy
Astragalomancy (Greek astragaloi, knucklebones) is divination by throwing bones of the sheep's ankle (or modern dice). One of the most ancient mantic forms, attested in ancient Greece, Rome and Mongolia. The 4 asymmetric faces of the astragalus gave 4 different values, generating combinations interpreted as oracle.
Modern descendants
The modern 6-faced cubic die is a regularization of the ancient astragalus. Cubomancy (modern dice divination) is its direct successor.